Introduction to International Negotiation and Communication

Abstract

International negotiation and communication contribute to the
improvement of international relations. Negotiation between states and
also other subjects of international relations is one of basic forms of its
function. First of all, it is necessary to characterize negotiation as a
phenomenon and also its key elements. It is possible to start with the
definition of elementary words in this field such as communication,
negotiation, and diplomacy, and also its mutual connections. Next step is a
characteristic of several basic variables, which we can see in all negotiations
without respect to when, where, and on which theme the negotiation is
occuring - information, time and power. Negotiation is also characterized as
a process with its phases and dynamics. Basic phases are analysis of
subject, planning of possible solutions and discussion - it means full
negotiation. Elementary styles of negotiation are also part of this
characteristic. Two key categories represent positional and principal
negotiation. Cultural aspects of negotiation, especially in international
relations are another important part. These aspects arise from definition of
culture, cultural dimension of international relations, also intercultural
communication and necessity of its understanding. Values paradigm
(system of basic values) and characteristics of different cultures also play a
very important part. These values co-operate on the creation of different
approaches of these cultures, members to negotiation, and the use of
different styles. Crucial are in this sense e.g. using of language or time and
also one of the basic classifications on individualistic and interdependent
ethoses, with low-context or high-context negotiation style. In the context
of international negotiation it is possible to come up different variants of
negotiation. There are, first of all, bilateral or multilateral negotiation or
mediation and good offices and, of course, inquiry, conciliation, arbitration
and jurisdictional disputes. Examined are many elements e.g. style, strategy
(used during negotiation), selection of group of participants, formulation of
agenda, venue of negotiation, proceedings, decision-making and many
other questions in these styles. It is necessary to mention that in current
international practice negotiation is one of the main legitimate methods of
resolving conflicts, and above all preventing of such conflicts.